4.1.1 新舊版標準差異概述
| 差異點 | 說明 |
| 新增部分 | 1、ISO20000:2011版提出了“定義范圍”這一新的要求。這為組織明確其認證范圍提出了更加具體的要求和參考。 2、考慮到并非所有ISO20000要求的流程都有服務提供者自身所全部承擔，故ISO20000:2011版增加了該條款的要求，也更加符合實際需要。 3、新增了“文件控制”、“記錄控制”的具體要求，更好地融合了ISO9001的相關要求 |
| 優(yōu)化與完善部分 | 1、ISO20000:2011版將ISO20000:2005版關于管理體系要求、服務管理規(guī)劃和實施（PDCA）兩個章節(jié)的內容合并為了一章內容（管理職責）。 |
4.1.2 新舊版標準變化度
| ISO20000:2011 版本 | 控制點 | ISO20000:2005 版本 | 控制點 | 變化度 |
| 4 服務管理體系總要求 4.1 管理職責 4.2 對其他相關方所運營流程的管控 4.3 文件管理 4.4 資源管理 4.5 建立和改進 SMS -定義范圍、規(guī)劃、實施、監(jiān)控和維護 | 60 | 3 管理體系要求 3.1 管理職責 3.2 文件要求 3.3 能力、意識和培訓 4 策劃和實施服務管理 -策劃、實施、檢查和處置 | 30 | 3.6 |
說明：變化度是指新版標準該條款相對舊版標準要求的變化程度，按分值計量，5 分指變化程度最大，0 分指沒有變化。
4.1.3 新舊版標準差異分析
| ISO20000:2011版 | ISO20000:2005版 | 差異分析 | ||
| 章節(jié)方面 | 4Servicemanagementsystemgeneralrequirements 服務管理體系總體要求 | 3 管理體系要求 4 服務管理規(guī)劃和實施 | ISO20000:2011版將ISO20000:2005版關于管理體系要求、服務管理規(guī)劃和實施（PDCA）兩個章節(jié)的內容合并為一章內容。 | |
| 管理職責 | 4.1 Management responsibility 4.1.1 Management commitment Top management shall provide evidence of its commitment to planning, establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining, and improving the SMS and the services by: a) establishing and communicating the scope, policy and objectives for service management; b) ensuring that the service management plan is created, implemented and maintained in order to adhere to the policy, achieve the objectives for service management and fulfil the service requirements; c) communicating the importance of fulfilling service requirements; d) communicating the importance of fulfilling statutory and regulatory requirements and contractual obligations; e) ensuring the provision of resources; f) conducting management reviews at planned intervals; g) ensuring that risks to services are assessed and managed. 4.1.2 Service management policy Top management shall ensure that the service management policy: a) is appropriate to the purpose of the service provider; b) includes a commitment to fulfill service requirements; c) includes a commitment to continually improve the effectiveness of the SMS and the services through the policy on continual improvementin Clause 4.5.5.1; d) provides a framework for establishing and reviewing service management objectives; e) is communicated and understood by the service provider's personnel; f) is reviewed for continuing suitability. 4.1.3 Authority, responsibility and communication Top management shall ensure that: a) service management authorities and responsibilities are defined and maintained; b) documented procedures for communication are established and implemented. 4.1.4 Management representative Top management shall appoint a member of the service provider's management who, irrespective of other responsibilities, has the authorities and responsibilities that include: a) ensuring that activities are performed to identify, document and fulfill service requirements; b) assigning authorities and responsibilities for ensuring that service management processes are designed, implemented and improved in accordance with the policy and objectives for service management; c) ensuring that service management processes are integrated with the other components of the SMS; d) ensuring that assets, including licences, used to deliver services are managed according to statutory and regulatory requirements and contractual obligations; e) reporting to top management on the performance and opportunities for improvement to the SMS and the services. | 4.1 管理職責 4.1.1 管理承諾 高管層應通過以下活動，提供對規(guī)劃、確立、實施、運行、監(jiān)控、回顧、維護和改進 SMS 與服務所做承諾的證據(jù)： a） 建立和溝通服務管理的范圍、政策和目標； b） 確保服務管理計劃被創(chuàng)建、實施和維護，以遵循服務管理政策、實現(xiàn)服務管理目標和滿足服務需求； c） 溝通滿足服務需求的重要性； d） 溝通滿足法律法規(guī)要求和合同義務的重要性； e） 確保資源的提供； f） 按規(guī)定的時間間隔執(zhí)行管理評審； g） 確保服務的風險被評估和管理。 4.1.2 服務管理政策高管層應確保服務管理政策： a） 符合服務提供者的目標； b） 包括對滿足服務需求的承諾； c） 包括按照條款 4.5.5.1 的持續(xù)改進政策對持續(xù)改進 SMS 和服務有效性的承諾； d） 提供制定和回顧服務管理目標的機制； e） 被傳達，并得到員工理解； f） 被回顧以持續(xù)適用。 4.1.3 權利、職責和溝通高管層應確保： a） 服務管理的權利和職責被定義和維護； b） 文件化的溝通程序被確立和實施。 4.1.4 管理者代表 高管層應任命一名管理人員，無論其其他方面的職責如何，承擔以下職責和權利： a） 確保識別、記錄和滿足服務需求的活動被執(zhí)行； b） 分配權利和職責，以確保服務管理流程遵循服務管理政策和目標進行設計、實施和改進； c） 確保服務管理流程和 SMS 其他部分進行整合； d） 確保用于交付服務的資產（包括許可證）遵循法律法規(guī)要求和合同義務進行管理； e） 向高管層報告 SMS 和服務的執(zhí)行情況和改進機會。 | 3.1 Management responsibility Through leadership and actions, top/executive management shall provide evidence of its commitment to developing, implementing and improving its service management capability within the context of the organization’s business and customers’ requirements. Management shall: a) establish the service management policy, objectives and plans; b) communicate the importance of meeting the service management objectives and the need for continual improvement; c) ensure that customer requirements are determined and are met with the aim of improving customer satisfaction; d) appoint a member of management responsible for the co-ordination and management of all services; e) determine and provide resources to plan, implement, monitor, review and improve service delivery and management e.g. recruit appropriate staff, manage staff turnover; f) manage risks to the service management organization and services; and g) conduct reviews of service management, at planned intervals, to ensure continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. | ISO20000:2011版本將管理 職責分為了：管理 承諾；服務管理政 策；權利、職責和 溝通；管理者代表 等幾個方面。 ? 對服務管理政策、 權利、職責和溝 通、管理者代表、 資源管理（見4.4） 提出了更加細化 的要求。 ? 新增了對高管層 關于“建立和溝通 服務管理的范圍” 的要求。 |
| 對其他相關方所運營流程的管控 | 4.2 Governance of processes operated by other parties For the processes in Clauses 5 to 9, the service provider shall identify all processes, or parts of processes, which are operated by other parties. Other parties can be an internal group, a customer or a supplier. The service provider shall demonstrate governance of processes operated by other parties by: a) demonstrating accountability for the processes and authority to require adherence to the processes; b) controlling the definition of the processes, and interfaces to other processes; c) determining process performance and compliance with process requirements; d) controlling the planning and prioritizing of process improvements. When a supplier is operating parts of the processes, the service provider shall manage the supplier through the supplier management process. When an internal group or a customer is operating parts of the processes, the service provider shall manage the internal group or the customer through the service level managementprocess. NOTE ISO/IEC TR 20000-3 provides guidance on scope definition and applicability of this part of ISO/IEC 20000. This includes further explanation about the governance of processes operated by other parties. | 4.2 對其他相關方所運營過程的管控 對于條款5-9所包含的過程，服務提供者應識別那些由其他相關方所運營的所有過程或部分過程。其他相關方可能是內部團隊、某一客戶或某一供方。 服務提供者應通過以下活動體現(xiàn)對其他相關方運營過程的管控： a） 表明對過程的最終負責，并擁有要求相關方遵循過程的權利； b） 控制過程的定義以及過程與其他過程的接口； c） 確定過程的執(zhí)行效果和對過程需求的遵循情況； d） 控制過程改進的計劃和優(yōu)先級。當供應商執(zhí)行部分過程時，服務提供者應通過供應商管理流程管理外部供應商。當內部團隊或客戶執(zhí)行部分過程時，服務提供者應通過服務級別管理流程管理內部團隊和客戶。 注：ISO/IECTR20000-3提供了對于 ISO/IEC20000本部分關于范圍的定義和適用性的指導。這包括了對其他相關方所運營過程的管控的進一步解釋。 | 無 | ISO20000:2011版新增的內容。ISO20000:2011版考慮到并非所有ISO20000體系所要求的流程都由服務提供者自己全部承擔，故增加了該條款要求，也更加符合實際。 |
| 文件管理 | 4.3 documentation management 4.3.1 Establish and maintain documents The service provider shall establish and maintain documents, including records, to ensure effective planning, operation and control of the SMS. These documents shall include: a) documented policy and objectives for service management; b) documented service management plan; c) documented policies and plans created for specific processes as required by this part of ISO/IEC 20000; d) documented catalogue of services; e) documented SLAs; f) documented service management processes; g) documented procedures and records required by this part of ISO/IEC 20000; h) additional documents, including those of external origin, determined by the service provider as necessary to ensure effective operation of the SMS and delivery of the services. 4.3.2 Control of documents documents required by the SMS shall be controlled. Records are a special type of document and shall be controlled according to the requirements given in Clause 4.3.3. A documented procedure, including the authorities and responsibilities, shall be established to define the controls needed to: a) create and approve documents prior to issue; b) communicate to interested parties about new or changed documents; c) review and maintain documents as necessary; d) ensure that changes and the current revision status of documents are identified; e) ensure that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at points of use; f) ensure that documents are readily identifiable and legible; g) ensure that documents of external origin are identified and their distribution controlled; h) prevent the unintended use of obsolete documents and apply suitable identification to them if they are retained. 4.3.3 Control of records Records shall be kept to demonstrate conformity to requirements and the effective operation of the SMS. A documented procedure shall be established to define the controls needed for the identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records. Records shall be legible, readily identifiable and retrievable. | 4.3 文件管理 4.3.1 建立和維護文件 服務提供者應建立和維護文件（包括記錄），以確保對SMS進行有效的規(guī)劃、執(zhí)行和控制。文件應包括： a） 文件化的服務管理政策和目標； b） 文件化的服務管理計劃； c） 本標準所要求的各流程文件化的策略和計劃； d） 文件化的服務目錄； e） 文件化的SLA； f） 文件化的服務管理流程； g） 本標準所要求的文件化程序和記錄； h） 服務提供者認為為確保SMS有效運行和服務交付所需要的其他文件（包括外來文件）。 4.3.2 文件的控制 SMS所要求的文件應被控制。記錄是特定類型的文件也應依照4.3.3條款進行控制。 應建立文件化的程序（包括權利和職責）用于定義以下所需的控制： a） 在發(fā)布前，創(chuàng)建和批準文件； b） 與相關方溝通關于新的或變更的文件； c） 需要時回顧和維護文件； d） 確保文件的更改和當前的修訂狀態(tài)得到識別； e） 確保適用文件的有關版本在使用時可獲得； f） 確保文件清晰，易于識別； g） 確保外來文件得到識別和控制其分發(fā)； h） 防止作廢文件的非預期使用，若作廢文件需要被保留，應使用適當?shù)臉俗R。 4.3.3 記錄的控制 記錄應被保存，以證實符合要求和SMS的有效運行。 應建立文件化的程序用于定義記錄所需的控制：標識、存儲、保護、檢索、保持和廢止。記錄應清晰、易于識別和檢索。 | 3.2 documentation requirements Service providers shall provide documents and records to ensure effective planning, operation and control of service management. This shall include: a) documented service management policies and plans; b) documented service level agreements; c) documented processes and procedures required by this standard; and d) records required by this standard. Procedures and responsibilities shall be established for the creation, review, approval, maintenance, disposal and control of the various types of documents and records. NOTE: The documentation can be in any form or type of medium. | ISO20000:2011版較ISO20000:2005版新增了以下內容： 文件化的服務管理目標、文件化的服務目錄、服務提供者認為為確保SMS有效運行和服務交付所需要的其他文件（包括外來文件）等 新增了“文件控制”、“記錄控制”的具體要求。 |
| 資源管理 | 4.4 Resource management 4.4.1 Provision of resources The service provider shall determine and provide the human, technical, information and financial resources needed to: a) establish, implement and maintain the SMS and the services, and continually improve their effectiveness; b) enhance customer satisfaction by delivering services that fulfill service requirements. 4.4.2 Human resources The service provider's personnel performing work affecting conformity to service requirements shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, skills and experience. The service provider shall: a) determine the necessary competence for personnel; b) where applicable, provide training or take other actions to achieve the necessary competence; c) evaluate the effectiveness of actions taken; d) ensure that its personnel are aware of how they contribute to the achievement of service management objectives and the fulfillment of service requirements; e) maintain appropriate records of education, training, skills and experience. | 4.4 資源管理 4.4.1 資源的提供 服務提供者應決定并提供所需的人員、技術、信息和財務資源，用以： a） 建立、實施和維護SMS和服務，并持續(xù)改進其有效性； b） 通過交付滿足需求的服務，提升客戶滿意度。 4.4.2 人力資源 服務提供者的員工應有能力勝任所承擔的工作，以滿足服務需求。這些能力應基于適當?shù)慕逃?、培訓、技能和?jīng)驗。服務提供者應： a） 確定人員所需的必要能力； b） 根據(jù)需要提供培訓或采取其他措施以獲得所需的能力； c） 評估采取措施的有效性； d） 確保人員能意識到他們如何對服務管理目標的達成和服務需求的滿足做出貢獻； e） 維護教育、培訓、技能和經(jīng)驗的適當記錄。 | 3.3 Competence, awareness and training All service management roles and responsibilities shall be defined and maintained together with the competencies required to execute them effectively. Staff competencies and training needs shall be reviewed and managed to enable staff to perform their role effectively. Top management shall ensure that its employees are aware of the relevance and importance of their activities and how they contribute to the achievement of the service management objectives. | ISO20000:2011版提出了“資源管理”的概念，并明確了包括人員、技術、信息和財務等方面資源。 ISO20000:2011版用資源管理中的“人力資源”章節(jié)的內容代替了ISO20000:2005版的“能力、意識和培訓”章節(jié)，增加了需“維護教育、培訓、技能和經(jīng)驗的適當記錄”的要求。 |
| 建立和改進SMS | 4.5 Establish and improve the SMS 4.5.1 Define scope The service provider shall define and include the scope of the SMS in the service management plan. The scope shall be defined by the name of the organizational unit providing the services, and the services to be delivered. The service provider shall also take into consideration other factors affecting the services to be delivered including: a) geographical location(s) from which the service provider delivers the services; b) the customer and their location(s); c) technology used to provide the services. NOTE ISO/IEC TR 20000-3 provides guidance on scope definition and applicability of this part of ISO/IEC 20000. 4.5.2 Plan the SMS (Plan) The service provider shall create, implement and maintain a service management plan. Planning shall take into consideration the service management policy, service requirements and requirements in this part of ISO/IEC 20000. The service management plan shall contain or include a reference to at least the following: a) service management objectives that are to be achieved by the service provider; b) service requirements; c) known limitations which can impact the SMS; d) policies, standards, statutory and regulatory requirements and contractual obligations; e) framework of authorities, responsibilities and process roles; f) authorities and responsibilities for plans, service management processes and services; g) human, technical, information and financial resources necessary to achieve the service management objectives; h) approach to be taken for working with other parties involved in the design and transition of new or changed services process; i) approach to be taken for the interfaces between service management processes and their integration with the other components of the SMS; j) approach to be taken for the management of risks and the criteria for accepting risks; k) technology used to support the SMS; l) how the effectiveness of the SMS and the services will be measured, audited, reported and improved. Plans created for specific processes shall be aligned with the service management plan. The service management plan and plans created for specific processes shall be reviewed at planned intervals and, if applicable, updated. 4.5.3 Implement and operate the SMS (Do) The service provider shall implement and operate the SMS for the design, transition, delivery and improvement of services according to the service management plan, through activities including at least: a) allocation and management of funds and budgets; b) assignment of authorities, responsibilities and process roles; c) management of human, technical and information resources; d) identification, assessment and management of risks to the services; e) management of service management processes; f) monitoring and reporting on performance of service management activities. 4.5.4 Monitor and review the SMS (Check) 4.5.4.1 General The service provider shall use suitable methods for monitoring and measuring the SMS and the services. These methods shall include internal audits and management reviews. The objectives of all internal audits and management reviews shall be documented. The internal audits and management reviews shall demonstrate the ability of the SMS and the services to achieve service management objectives and fulfil service requirements. Nonconformities shall be identified against the requirements in this part of ISO/IEC 20000, the SMS requirements identified by the service provider or the service requirements. The results of internal audits and management reviews, including nonconformities, concerns and actions identified, shall be recorded. The results and actions shall be communicated to interested parties. 4.5.4.2 Internal audit The service provider shall conduct internal audits, at planned intervals, to determine whether the SMS and the services: a) fulfil the requirements in this part of ISO/IEC 20000; b) fulfil the service requirements and the SMS requirements identified by the service provider; c) are effectively implemented and maintained. There shall be a documented procedure including the authorities and responsibilities for planning and conducting audits, reporting results and maintaining audit records. An audit programme shall be planned. This shall take into consideration the status and importance of the processes and areas to be audited, as well as the results of previous audits. The audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods shall be documented. The selection of auditors and conduct of audits shall ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit. Auditors shall not audit their own work. Nonconformities shall be communicated, prioritized and responsibility allocated for actions. The management responsible for the area being audited shall ensure that any corrections and corrective actions are taken without undue delay to eliminate nonconformities and their causes. Follow-up activities shall include the verification of the actions taken and the reporting of results. NOTE See ISO 19011 for guidance on management systems auditing. 4.5.4.3 Management review Top management shall review the SMS and the services at planned intervals to ensure their continued suitability and effectiveness. This review shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the SMS, including the policy and objectives for service management. The input to management reviews shall include at least information on: a) customer feedback; b) service and process performance and conformity; c) current and forecast human, technical, information and financial resource levels; d) current and forecast human and technical capabilities; e) risks; f) results and follow-up actions from audits; g) results and follow-up actions from previous management reviews; h) status of preventive and corrective actions; i) changes that could affect the SMS and the services; j) opportunities for improvement. Records of management reviews shall be maintained. The records from the management review shall include at least decisions and actions related to resources, improvement of the effectiveness of the SMS and improvement of the services. 4.5.5 Maintain and improve the SMS (Act) 4.5.5.1 General There shall be a policy on continual improvement of the SMS and the services. The policy shall include evaluation criteria for the opportunities for improvement. There shall be a documented procedure including the authorities and responsibilities for identifying, documenting, evaluating, approving, prioritizing, managing, measuring and reporting of improvements. Opportunities for improvement, including corrective and preventive actions, shall be documented. The cause of identified nonconformities shall be corrected. Corrective actions shall be taken to eliminate the cause of identified nonconformities in order to prevent recurrence. Preventive actions shall be taken in order to eliminate the cause of potential nonconformities in order to prevent occurrence. NOTE For more information on corrective and preventive action, see ISO 9001:2008, Clause 8.5. 4.5.5.2 Management of improvements Opportunities for improvement shall be prioritized. The service provider shall use the evaluation criteria in the policy on continual improvement, when making decisions on opportunities for improvement. Approved improvements shall be planned. The service provider shall manage improvement activities that include at least: a) setting targets for improvements in one or more of quality, value, capability, cost, productivity, resource utilization and risk reduction; b) ensuring that approved improvements are implemented; c) revising the service management policies, plans, processes and procedures, where necessary; d) measuring implemented improvements against the targets set and where targets are not achieved, taking necessary actions; e) reporting on implemented improvements. | 4.5 建立和改進SMS 4.5.1 定義范圍 服務提供者應在服務管理計劃中定義和包含SMS的范圍。范圍應以提供服務的組織單位名稱和所交付服務的名稱加以界定。 服務提供者也應考慮其他影響所交付服務的因素，包括： a） 服務提供者交付服務的地理位置； b） 客戶和他們的所在地； c） 提供服務所使用的技術。 注：ISO/IECTR20000-3提供了對于ISO/IEC20000本部分關于范圍的定義和適用性的指導。 4.5.2 規(guī)劃SMS（Plan） 服務提供者應創(chuàng)建、實施和維護服務管理計劃。計劃應考慮服務管理政策、服務需求和ISO/IEC20000-1的要求。服務管理計劃應具有或包括至少以下參考內容： a） 服務提供者期望獲得的服務管理目標； b） 服務需求； c） 可能影響SMS的已知限制； d） 政策、標準、法律法規(guī)要求和合同義務； e） 權利、職責和流程角色的框架； f） 規(guī)劃、服務管理流程和服務的權利和職責； g） 實現(xiàn)服務管理目標所需的人員、技術、信息和財務資源； h） 在設計和轉換新的或變更的服務過程中，與其他相關方協(xié)同工作所采用的方法； i） 服務管理流程和SMS其他組成部分集成所采用的方法； j） 風險管理和風險接受標準所采用的方法； k） 用于支持SMS所使用的技術； l） 如何測量、審核、報告和改進SMS和服務的有效性。 為特定流程所創(chuàng)建的計劃應與服務管理計劃相一致。服務管理計劃和為特定流程所創(chuàng)建的計劃應按照計劃的時間間隔進行回顧和（若需要的話）更新。 4.5.3 實施和執(zhí)行SMS（Do） 服務提供者應實施和執(zhí)行SMS，依照服務管理計劃進行設計、轉換、交付和改進服務，其中的活動至少包括： a） 資金和預算的分配和管理； b） 責任、權利和流程角色的分配； c） 人員、計劃和信息資源的管理； d） 識別、評估和管理服務的風險； e） 服務管理流程的管理； f） 監(jiān)控和報告服務管理活動的執(zhí)行情況。 4.5.4 監(jiān)控和回顧SMS（Check） 4.5.4.1 總要求 服務提供者應采用適宜的方法監(jiān)控和測量SMS和服務。這些方法應包括內部審核和管理評審。 所有內部審核和管理評審的目標應被文檔化。內部審核和管理評審應證實SMS和服務用以實現(xiàn)服務管理目標和滿足服務需求的能力。不滿足本標準要求、服務提供者所提出的SMS要求或服務需求的不符合項應被識別。 內部審核和管理評審的結果，包括不符合項、關注點和識別的改進行動應被記錄。結果和行動應與相關方溝通。 4.5.4.2 內部審核 服務提供者應按照計劃的時間間隔執(zhí)行內部審核，以確定SMS和服務是否： a） 滿足本標準的要求； b） 滿足服務需求和服務提供者所提出的SMS要求； c） 有效被實施和維護。 應有文件化的程序，包括權利和責任，用以計劃和執(zhí)行審核、報告結果和維護審核記錄。 審核方案應被策劃。應考慮被審核的流程和領域的狀態(tài)和重要程度，以及以往的審核結果。審核標準、范圍、頻率和方法應文件化。 審核人員的選擇和審核的執(zhí)行應確保客觀性和公正性。審核人員不應審核自身的工作。 不符合項應被溝通，進行優(yōu)先級排序，改進活動應分配到責任人。負責被審核領域的管理者應確保任何改進行為和改進活動無延誤地被執(zhí)行以消除不符合項和其原因。后續(xù)活動應包括對所采取行為的驗證和其結果的報告。 注：參考ISO19011關于管理體系審核的指南。 4.5.4.3 管理評審 高管層應按照計劃的時間間隔回顧SMS和服務，以確保其持續(xù)適用和有效。回顧應評估SMS的改進機會和變更需求，包括服務管理的政策和目標。 管理評審的輸入應至少包括以下信息： a） 顧客反饋； b） 服務和流程的執(zhí)行情況和符合性； c） 當前和預測的人員、技術、信息和財務資源水平； d） 當前和預測的人員和技術能力； e） 風險； f） 來自審核的結果和后續(xù)行動； g） 以往管理評審的結果和后續(xù)行動； h） 預防和糾正措施的進展情況； i） 可能影響SMS和服務的變更； j） 改進的機會。 管理評審的記錄應被維護。 管理評審的記錄應至少包括相關資源、SMS有效性的改進和服務的改進的有關決策和行動。 4.5.5 維護和改進SMS （Act） 4.5.5.1 總要求 應有SMS和服務的持續(xù)改進政策。政策應包括對改進機會的評估標準。應有文件化的程序（包括權利和責任）用以識別、記錄、評估、批準、劃分優(yōu)先級、管理、度量和報告改進措施。 改進機會（包括改進和預防措施）應被文件化。 識別的不符合項的原因應被糾正。糾正措施應用以消除所識別的不符合項的原因，以防止再次發(fā)生。應采取預防措施，以消除潛在的不符合項的原因，以防止其發(fā)生。 注：了解更多關于改進和預防措施的信息，請參考ISO9001:2008中的8.5條款。 4.5.5.2 管理改進 改進機會應劃分優(yōu)先級。當決策改進機會時，服務提供者應采用服務政策中持續(xù)改進的評估標準。 批準的改進應被規(guī)劃。 服務提供者應管理改進活動，至少包括： a） 設定改進目標，包括質量、價值、能力、成本、生產力、資源使用和風險降低中的一項或幾項； b） 確保批準的改進活動被實施； c） 需要的情況下，更新服務管理政策、計劃、流程和程序； d） 基于設定的目標，度量已實施的改進活動，若未達到目標，采取必要的行動； e） 報告被實施的改進活動。 | 4 Planning and implementing service management NOTE The methodology known as “Plan-Do-Check-Act” (PDCA) can be applied to all processes. PDCA can be described as follows: a) Plan: establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with customer requirements and the organization’s policies; b) Do: implement the processes; c) Check: monitor and measure processes and services against policies, objectives and requirements and report the results; d) Act: take actions to continually improve process performance. 4.1 Plan service management (Plan) Objective: To plan the implementation and delivery of service management. Service management shall be planned. The plans shall at a minimum define: a) the scope of the service provider’s service management; b) the objectives and requirements that are to be achieved by service management; c) the processes that are to be executed; d) the framework of management roles and responsibilities, including the senior responsible owner, process owner and management of suppliers; e) the interfaces between service management processes and the manner in which the activities are to be co-ordinated f) the approach to be taken in identifying, assessing and managing issues and risks to the achievement of the defined objectives; g) the approach for interfacing to projects that are creating or modifying services; h) the resources, facilities and budget necessary to achieve the defined objectives; i) tools as appropriate to support the processes; and j) how the quality of the service will be managed, audited and improved. There shall be clear management direction and documented responsibilities for reviewing, authorising , communicating, implementing and maintaining the plans. Any process specific plans produced shall be compatible with this service management plan. 4.2 Implement service management and provide the services (Do) Objective: To implement the service management objectives and plan. The service provider shall implement the service management plan to manage and deliver the services, including: a) allocation of funds and budgets; b) allocation of roles and responsibilities; c) documenting and maintaining the policies, plans, procedures and definitions for each process or set of processes; d) identification and management of risks to the service; e) managing teams, e.g. recruiting and developing appropriate staff and managing staff continuity; f) managing facilities and budget; g) managing the teams including service desk and operations; h) reporting progress against the plans; and i) co-ordination of service management processes. 4.3 Monitoring, measuring and reviewing (Check) Objective: To monitor, measure and review that the service management objectives and plan are being achieved. The service provider shall apply suitable methods for monitoring and, where applicable, measurement of the service management processes. These methods shall demonstrate the ability of the processes to achieve planned results. Management shall conduct reviews at planned intervals to determine whether the service management requirements: a) conform with the service management plan and to the requirements of this standard; and b) are effectively implemented and maintained. An audit programme shall be planned, taking into consideration the status and importance of the processes and areas to be audited, as well as the results of previous audits. The audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods shall be defined in a procedure. The selection of auditors and conduct of audits shall ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process. Auditors shall not audit their own work. The objective of service management reviews, assessments and audits shall be recorded together with the findings of such audits and reviews and any remedial actions identified. Any significant areas of noncompliance or concern shall be communicated to relevant parties. 4.4 Continual improvement (Act) Objective: To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery and management. 4.4.1 Policy There shall be a published policy on service improvement. Any non-compliance with the standard or the service management plans shall be remedied. Roles and responsibilities for service improvement activities shall be clearly defined. 4.4.2 Management of improvements All suggested service improvements shall be assessed, recorded, prioritized and authorized. A plan shall be used to control the activity. The service provider shall have a process in place to identify, measure, report and manage improvement activities on an ongoing basis. This shall include: a) improvements to an individual process that can be implemented by the process owner with the usual staff resources, e.g. performing individual corrective and preventive actions; and b) improvements across the organization or across more than one process. 4.4.3 Activities The service provider shall perform activities to: a) collect and analyse data to baseline and benchmark the service provider’s capability to manage and deliver service and service management processes; b) identify, plan and implement improvements; c) consult with all parties involved; d) set targets for improvements in quality, costs and resource utilization; e) consider relevant inputs about improvements from all the service management processes; f) measure, report and communicate the service improvements; g) revise the service management policies, processes, procedures and plans where necessary; and h) ensure that all approved actions are delivered and that they achieve their intended objectives. | PDCA循環(huán)在ISO20000:2005版中作為獨立的一章，在ISO20000:2011版中被并入到“服務管理體系總體要求章節(jié)”中。 ISO20000:2011版新增了“定義范圍”這一新的要求。這為組織明確其認證范圍提出了更加具體的要求和參考。 對PDCA的解釋在ISO20000:2011版中放到了引言中。 計劃Plan部分： ISO20000:2011版在Plan內容中增加了 “可能影響SMS的已知限制”、“政策、標準、法律法規(guī)要求和合同義務”等兩項內容。 實施Do部分： ISO20000:2011版去掉了“服務管理流程間的協(xié)作”的明確要求。 檢查Check部分： ISO20000:2011版較ISO20000:2005版，將內部審核和管理評審進行了獨立說明，明確了具體的要求，這更好地融合了ISO9001；此外，是否滿足ISO20000-1標準的要求、服務需求和服務提供者所提出的SMS要求等三方面要求作為了審核的具體要求。 改進Act部分： ISO20000:2011版明確了“應有文件化的程序（包括權利和責任）用以識別、記錄、評估、批準、劃分優(yōu)先級、管理、度量和報告改進措施”；此外，在改進目標的設定上，較ISO20000:2005版提出的“質量、成本和資源使用”三個方面，擴展為了“質量、價值、能力、成本、生產力、資源使用和風險降低”等7個方面。 |
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